AI Literacy: International models and measurement tools
Andrea Laudadio
Artificial Intelligence (AI) permeates contemporary society, making AI Literacy an essential competency for active citizenship and conscious participation. However, scientific research faces a shortage of robust and validated measurement instruments, a gap particularly evident in the Italian context. This article provides a critical and comprehensive review of the main international theoretical models that define AI Literacy and existing assessment tools, with an analytical focus on the constitutive dimensions investigated. AI Literacy emerges as a multidimensional construct integrating cognitive, practical, critical-evaluative, and ethical-social aspects. Although international instruments offer a useful repertoire of constructs, their validity is often limited by the predominance of self-report measures and poor cross-cultural validation. The article concludes by emphasizing the urgency for Italy to initiate a systematic research program aimed at developing and validating AI Literacy measurement instruments specific to its context, in order to effectively guide training interventions, educational policies, and the promotion of critical digital citizenship prepared for the challenges of the 21st century.
Keywords
AI Literacy, Artificial Intelligence, measurement instruments, psychometric validation, digital literacy.