Non-verbal learning disability: Differential diagnosis and management
Giovanni Masciarelli, Antonio Tanzilli, Enrico Iurato
In this study we will describe a case of a non-verbal learning disorder. In order to assess the patient’s cognitive profile we carried out a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, which also served to highlight the core deficit and to make a differential diagnosis with other disorders presenting similar features. Moreover, based on the results obtained, we describe a treatment programme which focuses on the patient’s cognitive, emotional and social needs. The results of this case study show a core deficit in visual-spatial working memory clearly dissociable from normal functioning of auditory-verbal working memory. We also stress the connection between the visual-spatial working memory deficit and performances obtained in constructional and gestural tasks. We then indicate how the patient’s cognitive profile fits with the results of his academic performance. Finally, we suggest helpful strategies to develop a cognitive rehabilitation programme for patients affected by non-verbal learning disabilities as in the aforementioned case.
Keywords
Non-verbal learning disability, Visual-spatial working memory, Constructional abilities, Gestures, Cognitive rehabilitation, Differential diagnosis.